Imam Khamenei - Prayer - Index

This is the index for the Prayer Rules section of Practical Laws of Islam according to the teachings of Imam Khamenei

Rules of Prayer

Importance and Conditions of Prayer

1. Prayer: Ruling on One Who Neglects or Belittles Prayer Intentionally

2. Prayer: Obligation of Prayer Without Access to Wudū’ or Tayammum

3. Prayer: Permissible Cases for Changing Intention During Obligatory Prayer

4. Prayer: Intention Guidelines for Combining Friday and Noon Prayers

5. Prayer: Ruling on Prayer When Nose or Mouth Bleeds Throughout Its Time

6. Purity: Is Physical Stillness Required During Mustaḥabb Dhikr in Prayer?

7. Purity: Validity of Prayer for Patients with Urinary Catheters

Prayer Times

1. Prayer: Shi‘ah Evidence for the Timing of Daily Obligatory Prayers

2. Prayer: Clarification of “Sunset” in Determining Prayer Times

3. Prayer: Time Gap Between Sunset and Maghrib Adhān

4. Prayer: Delaying Maghrib and ‘Ishā’ Prayers Due to Work Constraints

5. Prayer: Minimum Required Duration for Adā’ Prayer and Ruling on Timing Doubt

6. Prayer: Reliability of Shar‘ī Timetables Issued by Iranian Embassies Abroad

7. Prayer: Ruling and Guidance on True vs. False Fajr for Prayer Timing

8. Prayer: Ruling on Delayed Noon and ‘Aṣr Prayers in School Due to Scheduling Constraints

9. Prayer: Obligation of Performing Prayers After Adhān at Prescribed Times

10. Prayer: Is Delay Necessary for Morning Prayer on Moonlit Nights Despite Clock Accuracy?

11. Prayer: Do Prayer Time Differences Between Provinces Vary for Each of the Daily Prayers?

12. Prayer: Can Shīʿas Pray Behind Sunnīs at Hajj Despite Differences in Maghrib Timing?

13. Prayer: What Is the Duty of a Muslim Regarding Fasting and Prayers in Extremely Long Days?

14. Prayer: Is the End of Morning Prayer Time Based on Sunrise or Sunlight Reaching Earth?

15. Prayer: Can One Rely on Media Announcements and Broadcast Adhān for Prayer Timings?

16. Prayer: Does Prayer or Iftar Begin at the Start or End of the Adhān?

17. Prayer: Is Prayer Valid If ‘Ishā’ Is Performed Before Maghrib?

18. Prayer: When Does ʿAṣr Time End and What Is the Exact Sharʿī Midnight?

19. Prayer: What Should One Do If They Remember Missing Ẓuhr During ʿAṣr Prayer?

Qiblah

1. Prayer: Can the Qiblah Be Determined by the Sun’s Zenith Over the Kaʿbah or Compass Readings?

2. Prayer: Can One Pray Facing Any Direction During Battle If Qiblah Cannot Be Determined

3. Prayer: How Should One Face the Qiblah from the Antipode of the Kaʿbah?

4. Prayer: What Should One Do When the Qiblah Direction Is Completely Uncertain?

5. Prayer: How Is Qiblah Determined and Prayer Performed at the North and South Poles?

The Place of Praying

1. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Pray or Sit in Places Usurped by a Tyrannical Regime?

2. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Pray on Land Once Endowed but Now Repurposed by the Government?

3. Prayer: What Is the Ruling on Prayers Performed in Schools Built on Usurped Land?

4. Prayer: What Is the Ruling on Prayers Performed Using Items Liable for Unpaid Khums?

5. Prayer: Must Men Stand in Front of Women During Prayer?

6. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Hang Photos of Imam Khomeini and Martyrs in Masjids?

7. Prayer: What Is the Ruling on Prayer and Fasting in a Government House After Eviction Notice?

8. Prayer: Is It Makrūh to Pray on a Mat with Images or an Engraved Turbah?

9. Prayer: Is Prayer Valid If Only the Place of Prostration Is Pure?

10. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Pray in a Building Constructed Over an Old Graveyard?

11. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Hold Prayers in Public Parks with Unclear Ownership?

12. Prayer: Is Prayer Valid in a School Built on Disputed Land Without the Owner’s Consent?

13. Prayer: Is Prayer Valid in Two Masjids That Have Been Joined by Removing a Wall?

14. Prayer: Can One Pray at Roadside Restaurant Prayer Areas Without Eating There?

15. Prayer: Is Prayer Valid on Usurped Land If Standing on a Mat or Board?

16. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Join Congregational Prayer in Properties Seized by Sharʿī Court Orders?

17. Prayer: Can Congregational Prayer Be Held in a Ḥusayniyyah Next to a Masjid, and Is the Reward the Same?

18. Prayer: Is Prayer Valid in a Place Where Forbidden Music Is Being Played?

19. Prayer: What Is the Ruling on Praying Aboard a Boat When No Other Option Exists?

Rules of a Masjid

1. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Leave a Nearby Masjid for the City’s Jāmiʿ Masjid?

2. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Pray in a Masjid Claimed by Its Builders as Tribal Property?

3. Prayer: Is It Better for Women to Pray at Home or in the Masjid?

4. Prayer: Can Menstruating Women Sit on the Shared Wall Between Masjid al-Ḥarām and the Sa‘y Path?

5. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Sleep or Exercise in a Local or Public Masjid?

6. Prayer: Can Masjid Spaces Be Used for Educational and Military Training Activities?

7. Is It Permissible to Serve Wedding Meals in a Masjid?

8. Prayer: Can Shareholders Object to a Pre-Agreed Masjid in a Residential Project?

9. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Hold Educational Song Bands and Play Instruments Like the Organ in a Masjid?

10. Prayer: Is Playing Cheerful Music in the Masjid on the Imams’ Birthdays Permissible?

11. Prayer: When Can Masjid Loudspeakers Be Used to Broadcast Programs Outside?

12. Prayer: What Is the Definition of a Jāmiʿ Masjid?

13. Prayer: What Is the Ruling on Building Rooms in an Unused Section of a Masjid Without Prior Knowledge of Sharʿī Law?

14. Prayer: What Is the Ruling on Demolishing Masjids for Road-Widening Projects?

15. Prayer: Can Masjid Water Reserved for Wudūʾ Be Used for Personal Needs?

16. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Use Masjid Water for Pouring Over Graves Near a Cemetery?

17. Prayer: Is Permission from a Religious Authority Required to Repair a Masjid?

18. Prayer: Is Permission from a Religious Authority Required to Repair a Masjid?

19. Prayer: Can One Make a Will to Be Buried Inside or in the Yard of a Masjid?

20. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Change a Masjid’s Name If the Endowment Name Is Uncertain?

21. Prayer: Can Masjid Utilities Bought with Nadhr and Donations Be Used for Funeral Ceremonies Without Compensation?

22. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Establish a Museum in a Corner of the Masjid Hall?

23. Prayer: How Can One Lawfully Cooperate with Municipal Demolition of Endowed Religious Buildings?

24. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Cut Trees in a Masjid Yard to Expand the Prayer Area?

25. Prayer: What Is the Ruling on Masjid Land Converted to a Street by Municipal Development?

26. Prayer: Is It Ḥarām to Make a Ruined Masjid Najis, and Must It Be Purified?

27. Prayer: Can a Masjid’s Basement Be Rented Out to Support It Financially?

28. Prayer: Can a Basement Factory Be Built Beneath a Masjid to Support Its Operations?

29. Prayer: Is It Permissible for Non-Muslims to Enter Masjids, Even for Tourism?

30. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Pray in a Masjid Built by Non-Muslims?

31. Prayer: Can Donations from Non-Muslims Be Accepted for Building a Masjid?

32. Prayer: What Should One Do After Janābah in a Masjid If Unable to Leave Immediately?

Rules Regarding Other Religious Places

1. Prayer: Can a Ḥusayniyyah Be Registered Under Individual Names?

2. Prayer: Does the Prohibition for Junub or Menstruating Persons Apply Only Under the Dome or the Entire Shrine?

3. Prayer: Can a Ḥusayniyyah Be Incorporated into a Masjid to Expand Prayer Space?

4. Prayer: Can Nadhr Donations to an Imamzādah Shrine Be Used in a Jāmiʿ Masjid?

5. Do Masjid Rules Apply to Takiyahs Named After Figures Like Abū al-Faḍl (a.)?

Clothes of the Praying Person

1. Prayer: Is Prayer Invalid If One Doubts the Purity of Their Clothes?

2. Prayer: Is Prayer Valid While Wearing Doubtful Leather from Non-Muslim Countries?

3. Prayer: Is Prayer Invalid If Najāsah Is Discovered Before or During the Prayer?

4. Prayer: Is It Necessary to Repeat Prayers Performed in Leather of Doubtful Slaughter?

5. Prayer: Must a Woman Repeat Prayer If Some Hair Was Uncovered During It?

6. Prayer: Must One Change or Purify Underwear After Using Dry Material for Istinjāʾ?

7. Prayer: What Is the Prayer Ruling for Workers in Contact with Potentially Najis Machinery?

8. Prayer: Does Carrying a Najis Item Like a Bloody Handkerchief Invalidate Prayer?

9. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Pray in Clothes Scented with Alcohol-Based Perfume?

10. Prayer: What Is the Minimum Body Coverage Required for Women in Prayer?

11. Prayer: Must Women Cover Their Feet During Prayer?

12. Prayer: Is Covering the Chin Fully Required in Ḥijāb and Prayer?

13. Prayer: Is Prayer Valid with a Najis Item Too Small to Cover ʿAwrah in Cases of Ambiguity?

14. Prayer: Does Cat Hair or Saliva on Clothes Invalidate Prayer?

Wearing and Using Gold and Silver

1. Prayer: Is It Permissible for Men to Wear Gold Rings, Especially During Prayer?

2. Prayer: Is It Permissible for Men to Wear White Gold Rings?

3. Prayer: Can Men Wear Gold If It's Hidden and Not for Beautification?

4. Prayer: Can Men Wear Gold at Their Wedding?

5. Prayer: Is It Permissible for Men to Wear Gold Rings as a Marriage Tradition?

6. Prayer: Can One Sell or Make Gold Jewellery Meant for Men?

7. Prayer: Is Serving Sweets on Silver Plates Considered Eating from Them?

8. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Cover a Tooth with Gold or Platinum?

Adhān and Iqāmah

1. Prayer: Can the Adhān Be Given Early in Ramadan to Allow Eating During It?

2. Prayer: Is Group Adhān in Public Places Considered an Innovation in Islam?

3. Prayer: Can One Say the Adhān Loudly from Home Despite Neighbours’ Objections?

4. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Broadcast Saḥar Programs Through Masjid Loudspeakers?

5. Prayer: Can Qur’an and Duas Be Broadcast Loudly from Masjids Before Fajr?

6. Prayer: Can a Man Rely on a Woman’s Adhān for His Prayer?

7. Prayer: Is Mentioning Imam Ali (A) as the Commander of the Faithful in Adhān and Iqāmah Permissible?

8. Prayer: Should I Pray Sitting at the Beginning of Time or Wait to Stand Later?

Recitation [of the Fātiḥah and the Other Chapter] and its Rules

1. Prayer: What Is the Ruling on Silent Recitation in Certain Prayers?

2. Prayer: Should Qadā’ Morning Prayers Be Recited Loudly or Silently?

3. Prayer: Is Loud Recitation of Rukū‘ and Sujūd Allowed in Silent Rak‘ahs?

4. Prayer: How Should Qaḍā’ Prayers Be Recited: Loudly or Quietly?

5. Prayer: Why Is 'Ṣalāh' Pronounced with a 'H' in the Adhān Instead of 'T'?

6. Prayer: Can Both 'Mālik' and 'Malik' Be Recited in Sūrah al-Fātiḥah During Prayer?

7. Prayer: Is It Correct to Pause Between Phrases in Sūrah al-Fātiḥah and Tashahhud?

8. Prayer: Is Tajwīd Pronunciation Obligatory for Valid Prayer?

9. Prayer: If someone says Bismillah but forgets to intend a sūrah, what should they do?

10. Prayer: Is correct Arabic pronunciation necessary for the validity of obligatory prayers?

11. Prayer: Does silent recitation in the heart count as "reading" in prayer?

12. Prayer: What if someone recites only Surah Fīl or Inshirāh alone in prayer without knowing they should be combined?

13. Prayer: Is the prayer valid if someone mistakenly recites al-Fātiḥah and another surah in the third rak‘ah?

14. Prayer: Can women recite Sūrat al-Fātiḥah and the second sūrah aloud in morning (ṣubḥ), maghrib, and ‘ishā’ prayers?

15. Prayer: What is the ruling on jahr (loud) letters in silent prayers like ẓuhr and ʿaṣr?

16. Prayer: What is the ruling for new Muslims who don’t know Arabic — must they learn it to pray?

17. Prayer: Do mustaḥabb prayers have to be recited loudly or quietly based on their corresponding obligatory prayers?

18. Prayer: Must you recite a full surah after Fātiḥah, or is part of the Qur’an enough? Can you add extra verses after it?

19. Prayer: Is prayer valid with recitation mistakes?

20. Prayer: Is prayer valid if one cannot pronounce the words correctly due to illiteracy or speech difficulty?

21. Prayer: Do I Need to Repeat My Prayers for Past Mispronunciations According to Imam Khomeini’s Fatwā?

22. Prayer: Gold or Platinum Tooth Coverings: Are They Permissible?

Dhikr of Prayer

1. Prayer: Switching Rukū‘ and Sujūd Dhikr Intentionally: Is It Problematic?

2. Prayer: If I Briefly Mix Up Rukū‘ and Sujūd Dhikr but Correct It Immediately, Is My Prayer Invalid?

3. Prayer: Realising Incorrect Rukū‘ or Sujūd Dhikr: What’s the Ruling?

4. Prayer: Is Reciting Tasbīhāt al-Arba‘ah Once in the 3rd and 4th Rak‘ah Sufficient?

5. Prayer: If I Mistakenly Recite Tasbīhāt al-Arba‘ah Four Times Instead of Three, Is My Prayer Accepted?

6. Prayer: Unsure How Many Times I Recited Tasbīhāt al-Arba‘ah in 3rd/4th Rak‘ah—What’s the Ruling?

7. Prayer: Saying “Biḥawlillāhi wa Quwwatihī Aqūmu wa Aq‘ud” While Moving: Is It Allowed?

8. Prayer: What Does ‘Dhikr’ Mean, and Does It Include Salawāt on the Prophet and His Progeny?

9. Prayer: In Witr Prayer Qunūt, Can I Ask for My Needs in Persian?

Rules of Prostration

1. Prayer: Prostration and Tayammum on Cement or Concrete: What’s the Ruling?

2. Prayer: Is Placing Hands on Perforated Floor Tiles During Prayer Incorrect?

3. Prayer: Using a Blackened, Dirty Turbah for Sujūd: Is It Problematic?

4. Prayer: Prostrating on a Turbah with Forehead Covered by Hijab: Must the Prayer Be Repeated?

5. Prayer: Fixing Forehead Obstruction During Sujūd: What’s the Ruling, and Are Past Prayers Affected?

6. Prayer: Praying with Limited Mobility: Is Raising or Placing the Turbah on a Wheelchair Arm Valid?

7. Prayer: Is Performing Sujūd on Marble Valid?

8. Prayer: Placing All Toes on the Ground in Sujūd: What’s the Ruling?

9. Prayer: Using a Spring-Loaded Counting Turbah for Sujūd: Is It Valid?

10. Prayer: Which Foot Should Be Placed Over the Other in the Sitting Posture After Sujūd?

11. Prayer: Best Dhikr After the Obligatory Rukū‘ and Sujūd?

12. Prayer: Hearing a Sajdah Verse via Radio/TV/Recording: Is Prostration Obligatory?

Things that Invalidate Prayer

1. Prayer: Does Mentioning Imam Ali’s Wilayah in Tashahhud Invalidate the Prayer?

2. Prayer: Struggling With Riya’ in Worship: Is the Fight Itself Riya’, and How Do I Avoid It?

3. Prayer: Saying “Amīn” Aloud After Fātiḥah in Sunni Congregational Prayer: What’s the Ruling?

4. Prayer: Speaking Loudly or Gesturing During Prayer to Warn Others: Is It Permissible and Is the Prayer Valid?

5. Prayer: Laughing During Prayer: Does It Invalidate the Salah?

6. Prayer: Wiping the Face After Qunūt: Does It Invalidate the Prayer, and Is It Sinful?

7. Prayer: Is Closing One’s Eyes During Prayer Permissible to Avoid Distraction?

8. Prayer: Recalling Past Spiritual Experiences During Prayer: Does It Affect Validity?

9. Prayer: Do Prayers or Fasts Become Invalid During the First Three Days After a Quarrel and Break in Ties?

Rules of Greeting in Prayers

1. Prayer: Answering Non-Standard Greetings: What’s the Ruling?

2. Prayer: Is Responding to Children’s Salām Obligatory?

3. Prayer: If I Missed Responding to Salām Immediately, Is It Still Obligatory to Reply?

4. Prayer: If Someone Says “Al-salāmu ʿAlaykum Jamīʿan” to a Group, Must a Person Praying Also Reply Even If Others Already Did?

5. Prayer: If I Receive Multiple Salāms at Once or Repeatedly, Is One Reply Enough?

6. Prayer: If Someone Says Only “Salām” to a Person Praying, Is Responding Obligatory?

Doubt in Prayers

1. Prayer: Doubting Qunūt in the 3rd Rak‘ah: Should I Continue or Break the Prayer?

2. Prayer: In Nāfilah Prayers, Should I Ignore Doubts About Actions Like One or Two Prostrations?

3. Prayer: If I’m a Frequent Doubter, What Should I Do When Doubts Arise During Prayer?

4. Prayer: If I Discover Years Later That My Worship Was Invalid or Doubt Its Correctness, What Must I Do?

5. Prayer: If I Mistakenly Swap Parts, Look Away, or Speak During Prayer, Does It Void the Salah?

6. Prayer: If I Skip a Rak‘ah and Realise in the Last Rak‘ah, How Do I Correct the Prayer?

7. Prayer: How Do I Determine Whether to Pray One or Two Rak‘ahs of Caution (Iḥtiyāṭ) Prayer?

8. Prayer: Do Mistaken Words in Dhikr, Qur’ān Verses, or Qunūt Make Two Sajdat al-Sahw Obligatory?

Qaḍā’ Prayer

1. Prayer: Ignorance of Janābah and Ghusl at 17: What Must I Do About Past Prayers and Fasts?

2. Prayer: Due to Past Masturbation and Occasional Janābah, Is Qadā’ of Missed or Invalid Prayers Obligatory?

3. Prayer: If I’m Unsure Whether I Owe Qadā’ Prayers, Do My Mustahabb/Nāfilah Prayers Count as Qadā’?

4. Prayer: Unsure When Puberty Began: Do I Owe Qadā’ for Prayers and Fasts?

5. Prayer: If One of Several Ghusls in Ramadan Was Invalid, What’s the Ruling on My Prayers and Fast?

6. Prayer: If I Didn’t Observe the Proper Order in Ghusl for a Time, Are My Prayers and Fasts Valid?

7. Prayer: How Do I Perform One Year’s Worth of Qadā’ Prayers?

8. Prayer: Clearing Large Qadā’ Backlogs in Blocks: Permissible?

9. Prayer: Paralysed and Unable to Purify or Recite: What’s the Ruling on Current and Missed Prayers?

10. Prayer: Missed Many Dhuhr/‘Asr Prayers With Unknown Count/Order: Should I Do Dawr Prayers, and What Are They?

11. Prayer: Prayed After Madhi With Only Janābah Ghusl (No Wudū’)—Are Those Prayers Valid?

12. Prayer: After Converting to Islam, Must One Make Up Missed Prayers and Fasts?

13. Prayer: Unable to Make Up Years of Missed Obligations After Repentance: What’s the Ruling?

14. Prayer: For a Deceased Person With Limited Estate and No Son, Should Qadā’ Fasts or Prayers Take Priority?

15. Prayer: How Do I Calculate the Number of My Missed Daily, Āyāt, and Shortened Prayers?

Qaḍā’ Prayers of the Parents

1. Prayer: As Eldest Son, Must I Perform Qadā’ for a Father Who Missed Prayers/Fasts Due to Loss of Mental Capacity?

2. Prayer: After Someone Dies, Who Must Pay Kaffārah for Missed Fasts—Only Children or Anyone?

3. Prayer: Eldest Son, Unknown Parental Qadā’ and No Means to Fulfill Them: What Should He Do?

4. Prayer: If the Eldest Child Is a Daughter, Must the Next Son Perform the Parents’ Missed Prayers and Fasts?

5. Prayer: As Eldest Son, Must I Investigate My Father’s Missed Prayers, or Is He Responsible to Inform Me?

6. Prayer: If a Deceased Person’s Only Asset Is the Family Home, Must It Be Sold to Fulfill Qadā’ Prayers and Fasts?

7. Prayer: If the Eldest Son Dies, Who Then Must Perform the Father’s Missed Prayers—His Heir or the Next Son?

8. Prayer: If a Father Never Prayed, Must the Eldest Son Perform All His Missed Prayers?

9. Prayer: If a Father Intentionally Abandoned Worship for 50 Years, Must the Eldest Son Perform All His Missed Prayers and Fasts?

10. Prayer: If I Owe My Own Qadā’, Do My Father’s Qadā’ Prayers and Fasts Take Priority?

11. Prayer: As Eldest Son, Can I Perform or Hire Someone for My Living Father’s Missed Prayers?

Congregational Prayers

1. Prayer: What intention should an Imam make when leading congregational prayer?

2. Prayer: Can skipping congregational prayer at military bases for non-urgent work be considered belittling prayer?

3. Prayer: Is performing lengthy recommended acts in government offices during prayer time appropriate?

4. Prayer: Is Starting a Second Congregational Prayer Near an Ongoing One Permissible?

5. Prayer: Praying Individually While Congregation Is Ongoing in the Masjid: What’s the Ruling?

6. Prayer: Is a Home Congregation Valid When Two Nearby Masjids Already Hold Jamā‘ah?

7. Prayer: Can Someone Lead Jamā‘ah Without the Appointed Imam’s Permission?

8. Prayer: Does an Imam’s Justice Become Invalid if He Makes an Inappropriate Joke?

9. Prayer: Can I Pray Behind an Unknown Imam?

10. Prayer: Can someone be considered ‘ādil if they’ve also wronged me?

11. Prayer: Can I pray behind someone who neglects enjoining good and forbidding evil?

12. Prayer: What do you mean by “justice”?

13. Prayer: Can we pray in jamā‘ah behind a just non-scholar, or must the imam be an Islamic scholar?

14. Prayer: Can two people form a congregational prayer?

15. Prayer: Is Reciting Fātiḥah and Another Sūrah in Silent Congregational Prayers for Focus Permissible?

16. Prayer: Ruling on an Imam Riding a Bicycle to Lead Congregational Prayer

17. Prayer: Can We Join During the Second-Rak‘ah Tashahhud and Then Continue the Prayer?

18. Prayer: Is It Permissible for an Imam to Receive Payment for Congregational Prayer Preparations?

19. Prayer: Can an Imam Lead the Same Prayer Twice in Congregation?

20. Prayer: Should One Recite Aloud When Behind the Imam in Ishā’s Later Rak‘ahs?

21. Prayer: Is Reciting Salawāt, Saying Three Takbīrs, and Chanting Post-Prayer Supplications Aloud Permissible After Congregational Prayer?

22. Prayer: Is the Prayer Valid if One Misses the Required Tashahhud After Joining in the Second Rak‘ah?

23. Prayer: Do You Need the Imam’s Permission to Pray Behind Them, and Can You Begin Prayer Behind Someone Who Is Themselves a Follower?

24. Prayer: What Is the Ruling if Someone Mistakenly Prays Behind a Follower Instead of the Imam?

25. Prayer: Is It Valid to Pray ‘Ishā’ Behind Someone Praying Maghrib?

26. Prayer: Do Followers’ Prayers Become Invalid if the Imam Stands at a Higher Elevation?

27. Prayer: Does the Congregational Status Remain When a Front Row of Travellers Finishes at Two Rak‘ahs and Stands for Another Prayer?

28. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Join at the End of the First Row Before Those Between You and the Imam?

29. Prayer: Does Someone Who Joins in the Third Rak‘ah but Mistakenly Doesn’t Recite Need to Repeat the Prayer?

30. Prayer: Can an Imam Lead More Than Two Congregations by Intending Qadā’ for Caution?

31. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Join a College Congregational Prayer When the Nearby Masjid Is Holding One Simultaneously?

32. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Pray Behind a Judge Who Has Not Reached Ijtihād?

33. Prayer: What Is the Ruling for Someone Following Imam Khomeini on Travel Prayer Who Prays (e.g., Friday) Behind an Imam with a Different Marji‘?

34. Prayer: What Should a Follower Do if the Imam Goes to Rukū‘ Right After Takbīrat al-Iḥrām?

35. Prayer: What Is the Ruling on Adults Praying in Congregation Behind Children in the Third and Fourth Rows?

36. Prayer: Is Tayammum in Place of Ghusl Sufficient for an Imam to Lead Congregational Prayer?

Rule of Incorrect Recitation by a Congregational Prayer Imam

1. Prayer: Do Recitation Correctness Rules Differ for the Imam, Followers, and Solo Prayers?

2. Prayer: Is It Valid to Pray Behind an Imam With Pronunciation Issues, and May I Quietly Recite Myself?

3. Prayer: Is It Valid to Pray Behind an Imam With Incorrect Pronunciation Without Repeating the Prayer?

4. Prayer: Are the Imam’s and Followers’ Prayers Valid if a Pronunciation Error Is Discovered Afterward?

5. Prayer: What Should a Qur’an Teacher Do if the Imam’s Tajwīd Is Wrong Yet Skipping Congregation Causes Slander?

6. Prayer: Is It Valid to Pray Behind an Imam With a Paralysed Leg or Hand?

Congregational Prayer Led by a Person Lacking a Body Part

1. Prayer: Is It Valid to Pray Behind an Imam With an Amputated Limb, and What About Past Prayers Led by Them?

2. Prayer: Is It Permissible for an Imam With Amputated Toes to Lead Prayer?

Women’s Attendance in Congregational Prayer

1. Prayer: Are Women Encouraged to Attend Masjid Congregational and Friday Prayers, or Is Praying at Home Preferable?

2. Prayer: When Can a Woman Lead Congregational Prayer?

3. Prayer: What Are the Rulings on Women Attending and Standing in Congregational Prayer (Positioning, Separation, and Veiling)?

4. Prayer: How Should Men’s and Women’s Rows Connect Without a Curtain?

Performing Congregational Prayer behind Sunnīs

1. Prayer: Is It Permissible to Pray Behind a Sunni Imam?

2. Prayer: Can I Pray in Congregation Behind a Sunni Imam in a Predominantly Kurdish Area, and Is Backbiting Permitted?

3. Prayer: Do I Need to Repeat Prayers Performed with Sunnis When Following Their Practices (Qabḍ, Timing, Carpet Sujūd)?

4. Prayer: Ruling on Performing Shia Prayers in Sunni Mosques Without a Turbah

5. Prayer: Attending Sunni Congregational Prayer: Hand Position for Shī‘ah Worshippers

6. Prayer: Ruling on Toe-to-Toe Foot Placement in Sunni Congregational Prayer

7. Prayer: Praying Maghrib with Sunnis Before Shī‘ah Adhān: Is It Valid?

Friday Prayer

1. Prayer: Friday Prayer in Occultation: Obligation and Imam’s Justice Status

2. Prayer: Meaning of “Alternative Obligation” for Friday Prayer

3. Prayer: Ruling on Neglecting Friday Prayer Due to Indifference

4. Prayer: What is the ruling on missing Friday prayer due to weak excuses or personal differences?

5. Prayer: Can noon prayer be held in congregation near a Friday prayer location at the same time?

6. Prayer: Noon prayer between Jumu’ah and ‘Asr? ‘Asr behind others?

7. Prayer: Can followers pray Ẓuhr if the Friday Imam skips it?

8. Prayer: Does the Friday prayer Imam need permission from a qualified religious authority, even in distant cities?

9. Prayer: Can a Friday Imam lead prayer elsewhere?

10. Prayer: Can a Friday Imam appoint a temporary one without the Jurist Leader’s approval?

11. Prayer: Can one pray behind an Imam they doubt, just for unity?

12. Prayer: Is it allowed to skip Friday prayer if the Imam is known to be a liar?

13. Prayer: Is verifying the justice of an appointed Friday Imam necessary?

14. Prayer: Does appointment as Imam prove his justice, or must it be investigated?

15. Prayer: Must prayers be repeated if the Friday Imam is later found unjust?

16. Prayer: Can Shia Muslims join Friday prayers led by Sunni students abroad?

17. Prayer: What is the ruling on starting a second Friday prayer too close to an existing one?

18. Prayer: Can Friday prayer resume in a masjid if another was started 4km away during its closure?

19. Prayer: Can Friday prayer be performed individually beside the congregation?

20. Prayer: Can a traveler (who must shorten prayers) pray behind the Friday prayer Imam?

21. Prayer: Is it obligatory to mention Lady Fāṭimah (a) in the second Friday sermon?

22. Prayer: Can a follower pray a different obligatory prayer behind a Friday prayer Imam?

23. Prayer: Can the Friday sermons be given before shar‘i noon?

24. Prayer: Does missing both Friday sermons invalidate a follower’s prayer?

25. Prayer: Does Friday prayer held after the noon adhān suffice, or must one also pray noon prayer separately?

26. Prayer: If one cannot attend Friday prayer, can they pray ẓuhr and ʿaṣr at the start of the time?

27. Prayer: Can a present Friday Imam appoint another to lead?

The Two ‘Īd (Eid) Prayers

1. Prayer: Are Eid and Friday prayers obligatory?

2. Prayer: Does adding or skipping parts of the Eid qunūt invalidate the prayer?

3. Prayer: Can local masjid Imams lead Eid prayers today, like in the past?

4. Prayer: Is there qada (make-up) for Eid al-Fitr prayer?

5. Prayer: Is there an iqāmah for Eid al-Fitr prayer?

6. Prayer: What is the ruling if the Imam recites iqāmah for Eid al-Fitr prayer?

A Traveler’s Prayer

1. Prayer: Is a traveler required to shorten all obligatory prayers or only specific ones?

2. Prayer: What are the conditions for a traveler to shorten four-rak‘ah prayers?

Someone for Whom Traveling Is a Job or a Preliminary for the Job

1. Prayer: What does “one whose job is traveling” mean? Should someone who travels for work pray full or shortened?

2. Prayer: Should temporary residents (e.g., students or soldiers) intend to stay 10 days in a city to pray full and fast?

3. Prayer: Do fighter pilots who regularly travel beyond the shar‘ī distance have to shorten their prayers or fast?

4. Prayer: If people live in two places seasonally, are both considered watan? How should they pray when travelling between them?

5. Prayer: If I work 35 km away and stay in the work city for a few nights, do I pray full or qasr? What about visiting relatives in another city like Semnan?

6. Prayer: If I do personal work after office hours during a work trip, should I pray full or qasr and fast or not?

7. Prayer: Prayer & Fasting Rules for Stationed Soldiers (Imam Khomeini’s Ruling)

8. Prayer: Prayer & Fasting Rules for Army and IRGC in Garrisons (Imam Khomeini)

9. Prayer: When does a driver’s “first journey” end according to Imam Khomeini’s risālah?

10. Prayer: Do short-term drivers like assigned soldiers pray full or shortened according to travel rules?

11. Prayer: If a driver travels without his vehicle to get spare parts, does he pray full or shortened?

Rule of Students

1. Prayer: Do weekly student or work travellers shorten prayers after a break, or pray full from the first resumed trip?

2. Prayer: As a part-time student traveling for professional study, do I follow the student prayer rule or the traveler’s rule?

3. Prayer: If an Islamic studies student plans to preach in future, can he pray full while traveling now — or does travel purpose affect the ruling?

4. Prayer: What is the prayer and fasting rule for those traveling for an indefinite period, like seminary students or transferred employees?

5. Prayer: Can a student plan to stay 10 days in a non-watan city if he knows he’ll travel weekly to a nearby masjid?

Intent of Traveling the Shar‘ī Distance and Staying for Ten Days

1. Prayer: What is the prayer and fasting rule if I intend to stay 10 days at work (not my watan), but visit a nearby city before, during, or after that period?

2. Prayer: Does seeing or hearing one’s watan after departure affect the shar‘ī travel distance?

3. Prayer: If I haven’t made my current city my watan, must I intend to stay 10 days after work trips — and how far can I go on its outskirts before travel rules apply?

4. Prayer: What’s the prayer rule if travel is 21 km from watan but only 20 km from current residence?

5. Prayer: What’s the prayer rule if a traveler detours 1 farsakh before continuing a 3 farsakh trip?

6. Prayer: If the outward trip is under 4 farsakhs but return is 6, should one shorten prayer and break fast?

7. Prayer: If total weekly travel exceeds 8 farsakhs through multiple short trips, should prayers be shortened?

8. Prayer: Does local travel after reaching a destination count toward the total travel distance from home?

9. Prayer: Can one intend a 10-day stay while planning short trips under the shar‘ī distance?

10. Prayer: If a commuter travels under the shar‘ī distance from work and returns the same day, does he still pray full?

11. Prayer: For shar‘ī distance, is the measure to the city’s start or to the exact destination (like a friend’s house) within it?

12. Prayer: For weekly visits to Qom and Jamkaran, should I pray full or shortened?

13. Prayer: What are the prayer and fasting rules for me (on temporary work in Bandar Abbas) and my wife (a housewife from Tehran) during our stay and possible missions?

14. Prayer: After praying full with a 10-day stay intention, can one leave for non-essential travel?

15. Prayer: If one visits Imam Riḍā’s (a) shrine but falsely intends a 10-day stay to pray full, what is the ruling?

16. Prayer: If work travel is under shar‘ī distance and stay is under 10 days, should employees shorten prayers?

17. Prayer: If unsure about staying 10 days at a destination, how should one pray?

18. Prayer: What is the prayer and fasting rule for someone doing Islamic propagation in two places with a 10-day stay in the area?

Tarakhkhuṣ Limit

1. Prayer: In European cities that are directly connected, how is the tarakhkhuṣ (travel threshold) limit determined?

2. Prayer: For the tarakhkhuṣ limit, is it enough to see the city’s walls or hear the adhān — or are both required?

3. Is the tarakhkhuṣ limit based on hearing the adhān from the city center or entry point?

4. Prayer: Where does a city end for calculating the shar‘ī travel distance?

A Travel for the Purposes of Committing a Sin

1. Prayer: If someone knowingly travels for sinful purposes, do they pray full or shortened?

2. Prayer: If travel turns sinful midway, are shortened prayers valid and still required?

3. Prayer: What’s the prayer rule for leisure or necessity trips with no access to proper prayer space?

Rules Regarding the Watan

1. Prayer: What’s my prayer and fasting rule when visiting my parents’ hometown if I was born in Tehran and don’t plan to live there?

2. Prayer: If I stay intermittently in a second city for under 10 days, do travel rules apply despite living there half the year?

3. Prayer: How long must one intend to stay in a place for full prayer and valid fasting?

4. Prayer: If one moves near Tehran but can’t stay 10 days to make it watan, what’s the prayer and fasting rule there?

5. Prayer: What are the prayer rules for us and our children when visiting our re-adopted watan after years away?

6. Prayer: If someone has two watans, must their wife and children follow the same ruling or decide independently?

7. Prayer: If a baby is born outside the father’s watan due to the mother’s travel, what is the baby’s watan?

8. Prayer: If someone lives in Tehran without making it a watan, what’s the prayer and fasting rule when they travel and return?

9. Prayer: To abandon Iraq as my watan, must I choose a specific city in Iran—and is owning a house required?

10. Prayer: If someone moved from their birthplace before maturity without intending to abandon it, what’s their prayer and fasting duty there now?

11. Prayer: If a wife visits her husband’s watan with him or alone, should she pray full in both cases?

12. Prayer: Does a workplace count as a watan for prayer and fasting purposes?

13. Prayer: Does moving with one’s husband after marriage mean abandoning one’s original watan?

14. Prayer: What is the difference between an original watan and a second watan in Islamic law?

15. Prayer: How should I pray in Tehran and Savah if I was born in Tehran but never lived there?

16. Prayer: If I move between areas in Tehran, does watan apply—and how should I pray and fast?

17. Prayer: If born in a village but no longer intend to live there, what’s the prayer and fasting rule when visiting?

18. Prayer: Is birthplace still considered watan if one no longer lives there?

19. Prayer: What’s the prayer and fasting rule for someone living 9 years away from their watan, but certain they’ll return someday?

Wife’s and Children’s Following as far as Watan Is Concerned

1. Prayer: Must a wife follow her husband in rulings of watan and 10-day stay?

2. Prayer: Should a married woman pray full or shortened when visiting her parents’ city?

3. Prayer: Do wife and children follow the father’s travel and watan status for prayer rules, as per ruling no. 1284 of Imam Khomeini’s risālah?

Rules of Large Cities

1. Prayer: What’s the rule for making large cities a watan or staying there 10 days?

2. Prayer: If unaware of Imam Khomeini’s ruling on Tehran as a large city, are past prayers and fasts still valid?

Prayer Performed by Hiring

1. Prayer: Can someone else pray on my behalf if I’m unable—and does it matter if they’re paid or not?

2. Prayer: When praying on behalf of someone, must all parts be recited, the order kept, and the deceased named?

Āyāt Prayer

1. Prayer: What is the āyāt prayer, and when does it become obligatory?

2. Prayer: How is the āyāt prayer performed?

3. Prayer: Is āyāt prayer wajib only for those in the city of the event, or for anyone who learns about it?

4. Prayer: If someone is unconscious during an earthquake and wakes up after, is āyāt prayer still obligatory?

5. Prayer: If multiple tremors follow an earthquake, is āyāt prayer required for each one?

6. Prayer: If mild quakes are reported but not felt, is āyāt prayer still obligatory?

Nāfilahs

1. Prayer: Should nāfilah prayers be recited silently or aloud?

2. Prayer: Can night prayer be performed as two 4-rak‘ah prayers, then a 2-rak‘ah, and then witr?

3. Prayer: Must night prayers be done secretly and in the dark?

4. Prayer: If noon and afternoon prayers were done on time, but nāfilahs are prayed later, should the intention be qaḍā’?

5. Prayer: How is the 11-rakʿah night prayer (Salāt al-Layl) performed step by step?

6. Prayer: How are the night prayers performed regarding surahs, seeking forgiveness, and supplications?

Miscellaneous Issues of Prayers

1. Prayer: How should one wake family members for Fajr prayer in an appropriate manner?

2. Prayer: What is the rule of prayer and fasting for those in groups that are unjustly hostile toward each other?

3. Prayer: If fighters can’t recite Fātiḥah or perform rukūʿ and sujūd during battle, how should they pray?

4. Prayer: At what age are parents required to teach their children Islamic laws and acts of worship?

5. Prayer: What are the duties of bus drivers and passengers when prayer time comes but the bus doesn’t stop?

6. Prayer: Does the 40-day wine rule mean prayers must be done on time, made up later, or both?

7. Prayer: What is my duty if I see someone making mistakes in prayer?

8. Prayer: What is the ruling on shaking hands right after prayer, given no narration exists but it promotes unity and affection?